![]() ![]() LS-DYNA is the first commercial code to support IGA through the implementation of generalized elements and then keywords supporting non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS). Isogeometric analysis (IGA) has been extensively studied in the past few years in order to (1) reduce the effort of moving between design and analysis representations and (2) obtain higher-order accuracy through the higher-order interelement continuity of the spline basis functions used in CAD. The actual geometry of the CAD parts is preserved which is in sharp contrast to finite element analysis (FEA) where the geometry is approximated with, potentially higher-order, polynomials. The isogeometric paradigm employs basis functions from computer-aided design (CAD) for numerical analysis. Since the material erosion technique is no more necessary, the simulation of the material failure processes becomes very effective and stable. These two numerical methods share a common feature in modeling the 3D material failure using a bond-based failure mechanism. The Peridynamics method is another compelling method for brittle fracture analysis in isotropic materials as well as certain composites such as CFRP. The smoothed particle Galerkin (SPG) method is a new Lagrangian particle method for simulating the severe plastic deformation and material rupture taken place in ductile material failure. ![]()
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